May. 14, 2025
Currently, there is a trend towards the enclosed and large-scale development of ferroalloy submerged arc furnaces. Guizhou Province, as a major ferroalloy production region in China, exhibits unique characteristics in the development of its ferroalloy submerged arc furnaces. Due to the unique regional natural climate characteristics and differences in industrial technology base, large-scale submerged arc furnaces are not suitable for the production of ferroalloys in Guizhou Province. Practice has shown that the comprehensive production indicators of a 16500KVA submerged arc furnace are superior to those of larger furnaces of 25500KVA and above. This article focuses on the technical equipment characteristics of the 16500KVA ferroalloy submerged arc furnace, taking into account the particularities of Guizhou Province, and provides an introduction and analysis from aspects such as main equipment and characteristics, electric furnace structural types, and main technical parameters.
(1) The primary equipment, a 16500kVA electric furnace, employs a low-hood semi-enclosed fixed furnace body. The smoke hood features a polygonal design with three flue outlets and is equipped with three hydraulic furnace doors. This furnace type facilitates smoke abatement and dust removal. The sealing of electrodes, furnace doors, and material tubes all utilize gas seals.
(2) The three electrodes of the electric furnace are arranged in an equilateral triangle configuration, with one phase positioned at the front and two phases positioned at the rear.
(3) The mechanism for the elevation and lowering of the electrode utilizes a fully hydraulic system. The clamping system offers both manual and programmable control modes. The electrode holder incorporates a bellows pressure ring.
(4) The electric furnace power regulation achieves automatic power adjustment, and the electrode pressure release implements automatic voltage-controlled release.
(5) The primary characteristic of the selection of electric furnace transformers is the adoption of on-load electric voltage regulation, with the secondary side featuring side outlet lines, and the commonly used voltage levels set within the constant power range.
To prolong the service life of electric furnace equipment, reduce thermal shutdowns, and enhance operational efficiency, the lower section of the electric furnace chimney and the sealing device are cooled using water.
(7) The processes of batching, feeding, and furnace top material distribution are controlled by centralized programming, striving for mechanization, coordinated operations, or remote control.
(8) The product casting is conducted using a floor mold casting process, wherein slag automatically flows into the slag pool through a chute for water quenching and refinement.
Adhering to the comprehensive principle that 'high-quality feedstock is the foundation, equipment technology is the condition, and operational management is the key', is a crucial assurance for obtaining superior products and advanced technological-economic indicators.
The structural type of the electric furnace is characterized by a semi-enclosed low-hood, hydraulic, stationary electric furnace.
(1) Electrode system. The elevation of the electrodes is facilitated by a hydraulic lifting cylinder, which is conducive to power regulation.
The electrode holder utilizes a combined holder structure that is currently more advanced domestically, replacing the conventional conductive jaw plate with a contact element. This design features lightweight, excellent conductivity, reliable use, long lifespan, and the capability to achieve voltage discharge, with a high degree of automation. The current is channeled into the contact element through a copper tube, and then flows into the electrode via the electrode shell fins.
(2) Furnace lid and smoke exhaust system. The furnace lid is a regular hexagon, approximately 1800mm in height. The inner side of the lid's side walls is rammed with high-alumina refractory castable. Both the framework and the lid plate are water-cooled, and the inner side of the lid plate is also rammed with high-alumina refractory castable. The furnace lid is equipped with a flue gas exhaust pipe.
The purification of furnace gas employs a dry dust removal system, with a site reserved for the construction of a complementary waste heat power generation system, to achieve the effective utilization of flue gas waste heat energy.
The furnace top sealing technology employs the 'gravity self-adjusting sealing packing' technique. Insulated furnace lining is utilized. The core section of the furnace lid incorporates current stainless steel technology.
(3) Water cooling system. Softened water is employed for cooling water in electric furnaces, preventing scaling of cooling components, thereby extending their service life and reducing the frequency of hot shutdowns.
(4) Furnace Body. The furnace body is composed of a furnace shell and a furnace lining, both fabricated from steel plates of a certain thickness. The furnace shell adopts a cylindrical shape, which offers a small heat dissipation area, high strength, ease of processing, and is conducive to energy conservation. Each electric furnace is equipped with two tap holes, arranged at an angle of 180°.
The 16500kVA silicon-manganese alloy electric furnace comprises various components, including the furnace shell, smoke hood, electrode system, charging device, circulating water cooling system, electrode sealing system, hydraulic transmission system, and electrical equipment.
This article presents an analysis of the specific circumstances of a project in Guizhou Province, focusing on the technical equipment characteristics of a 16,500KVA ferroalloy submerged arc furnace. Taking into account the unique characteristics of Guizhou Province, the article provides an introduction and analysis from various aspects, including the main equipment and its features, the structural types of electric furnaces, and key technical parameters. This aims to facilitate the better development and expansion of the ferroalloy industry in Guizhou Province, recognized as a major producer of ferroalloys.
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The 5 ton electric arc furnace for steel-making is a special purpose equipment that makes ordinary steel, quality carbon steel, alloy steel and non-corrosive steel with electric arc as heat source and scrap steel (iron) as raw material.
15-ton electric arc furnace is used for the short-process steelmaking process, using 100% scrap steel or scrap steel + molten iron (pig iron), or scrap steel + sponge iron (DRI) as raw materials for steelmaking.
The 30-ton AC electric arc furnace is used to melt scrap steel to produce steel. Electrical energy is used to melt scrap steel. An arc forms between the charged material and the electrode.
30 Ton electric arc furnace is used for steelmaking short process smelting, using 100% scrap steel or scrap steel + molten iron (pig iron), or scrap steel + sponge iron (DRI) as raw materials for steelmaking.
The 50-ton ultra-high power electric arc furnace (50TUPH EAF) adopts ultra-high power, high impedance technology, bottom tapping technology (ETB), furnace wall oxygen oil burner and furnace door carbon-oxygen gun technology.
DC electric arc furnace is an electric arc furnace supplying electric energy with DC power supply. There is only one electrode on the top of the DC arc furnace, which is the negative electrode, and the bottom electrode is the positive electrode.
Electric arc furnaces are used to melt scrap steel for steel production. Electrical energy is used to melt scrap steel. An arc forms between the charged material and the electrode. The heat generated by the arc melts the scrap.
Electric arc furnace steel making is a steelmaking method that uses the thermal effect of electric arc to heat the charge for melting.
Ultra-high power electric arc furnace mainly changes the arc characteristics of high voltage and long arc to the arc characteristics of high current, low voltage and short arc
1 ton electric arc furnace is used for melting steel and titanium scrap metal. The principle of electric arc furnace is based on the generation of direct current, which converts electrical energy into heat energy through electrodes to melt the metal.
The closed pig iron furnace (submerged arc furnace iron making) is a non-blast furnace iron making method. Under the premise of guaranteeing the power supply, it is easy to solve the problem by using the reducing agent required by the submerged arc furnace iron making.
The main mechanical device design of Sanui ferroalloy refining furnace combines China's national conditions and draws on international advanced technologies such as Demark and Pyremate.
The Ferronickel submerged arc furnace is a special submerged arc furnace used for smelting nickel-iron alloy. Its main function is to add nickel ore, carbonaceous reducing agent (such as coke) and limestone and other raw materials into the furnace in a certain proportion
The main mechanical device design of Sanui ferrosilicon furnace combines China's national conditions and draws on international advanced technologies such as Demark and Pyremate.
The main mechanical device design of Sanui high carbon ferrochrome furnace combines China's national conditions and draws on international advanced technologies such as Demark and Pyremate.
Industrial silicon submerged arc furnace is an important equipment in silicon ore processing, playing a key role in the silicon industry.
The manganese silicon alloy furnace is mainly used to smelt silicon-manganese alloy, which is an alloy containing silicon and manganese.
The design of the submerged arc furnace main mechanical device by Sanui is based on China's national conditions and draws on international advanced technologies such as Demark and Perlmutter.
Submerged electric arc furnace is mainly used for reducing and smelting raw materials such as ore, carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent. It mainly produces ferroalloys such as ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, silicon-manganese alloy, etc.
Titanium slag production adopts titanium slag electric furnace (circular furnace and rectangular furnace according to its shape) smelting process.
The LF 20 T ladle refining furnace has the functions of arc heating under normal pressure, argon blowing and stirring at the bottom of the ladle, and reducing slag making in the ladle.
LF ladle refining furnace is a bottom-blown argon ladle furnace with three-phase submerged arc heating under normal pressure. It is a device for refining molten steel in a ladle.
VD vacuum refining furnace is a commonly used refining process equipment, mainly used for deoxidation, impurity removal and other operations of molten steel, so as to obtain high purity, low impurity content of high quality steel.
VOD vacuum refining furnace has multiple functions such as vacuum degassing, oxygen blowing decarburization, vacuum charging, argon blowing stirring, non-vacuum temperature measurement sampling, wire feeding, etc.
The cast steel melting induction furnace has outstanding advantages in heat penetration or melting soft magnetic alloys, high resistance alloys, platinum group alloys, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant alloys and pure metals.
Metal silicon smelting furnace is a metal silicon medium frequency melting furnace, which consists of furnace body, water and electricity introduction system, furnace tilting device, etc. It has fast melting temperature rise, easy to control furnace temperature and high production efficiency.
Medium frequency induction furnace mainly used for melting steel, alloy steel, special steel, stainless steel, and can also be used for melting and casting non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, etc. The customized range of induction furnaces sold by Sanrui ranges from 0.1 tons to 10 tons.
Medium frequency induction furnaces are mainly used for melting steel, alloy steel, special steel, stainless steel, and can also be used for melting and casting non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc.
Medium frequency aluminum melting furnace is used for melting and heating aluminum, scrap aluminum, aluminum ingots, and aluminum alloys; The melting capacity ranges from 100KG to 3000KG.
An induction furnace is an electric furnace that uses the induction electrothermal effect of the material to heat or melt the material. The main components of an induction furnace are sensors, furnace body, power supply, capacitors and control system.
The 3-ton medium frequency coreless induction furnace adopts a 6-phase 12-pulse double rectifier control system. A 2000KVA special rectifier transformer is used for the 2000KW medium frequency power supply.
The conductive arm of an electric arc furnace (EAF) is primarily composed of the front electrode conductive arm holder, a water-cooled clamping ring, the arm body, and the rear conductive copper plate.
The scrap charging basket of the electric arc furnace is mainly used for loading and conveying raw materials such as scrap steel into the electric arc furnace for smelting.
There are many insulation links between the EAF electrode holder and the conductive cross arm body, which greatly simplifies the cconductive cross arm structure and is a new type of electrode arm on the ultra-high power arc furnace.
Generally, the furnace cover of the electric arc furnace adopts the tubular water-cooled closed tube furnace cover structure.
The electrode lifting mechanism of electric arc furnace is composed of conductive cross arm and electrode column device.
Forged copper tile is one of the main accessories in submerged arc furnace (silicon metal furnace, calcium carbide furnace and iron alloy furnace). It generates heat energy due to passing through large current at high temperature, and is easy to be damaged due to poor working environment.
The furnace cover lifting and rotating device consists of a furnace cover lifting mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a rotating frame.
Submerged arc furnace pressure ring is used to monitor the change of air pressure in the furnace in real time, and adjust the air pressure automatically or manually according to the preset parameters to ensure the stability of air pressure in the furnace
Submerged arc furnace water-cooled Roof is an important part of submerged arc furnace (also known as electric arc furnace, calcium carbide furnace or mining furnace), which is mainly used to close the top of furnace body and bear the high temperature and pressure in the furnace.
Short network bus systems), also known as high current line, refers to the general term of the carrier fluid from the secondary outlet terminal of the transformer to the electrode (including the electrode).
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